Composable privacy layers (FHE rollups)

Decentralized identity for IoT devices

Geospatial DeFi for land‑use carbon credits

Flash‑loan real‑time commerce

Data‑availability layers for modular rollups

Interoperable brand‑loyalty point tokens

Re‑hypothecation markets for staked ETH

Smart‑city recycling incentive tokens

Composable AI model ownership tokens

Cross‑border CBDC bridge hubs